ABSTRACT
Background: Caudal epidural analgesia is one of the most popular and commonly performed regional blocks in pediatric anesthesia. It is reliable and safe technique that can be used with general anesthesia for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. The aim of this research is to study the effect of morphine (15 µg/kg) with ropivacaine (0.2%) and ropivacaine (0.2%) alone through caudal epidural route on duration of analgesia in children.Methods: The study was performed on 60 ASA grade I and II patients, aged 1 to 7 years scheduled for elective infraumbilical surgeries. After induction of general anesthesia, caudal epidural block was performed. Each group consisted of 30 pediatric patients: group I-caudal epidural 0.2% ropivacaine (1 ml/kg) and group II- caudal epidural 0.2% ropivacaine (1 ml/kg) with morphine 15 µg/kg. Intra-operatively heart rate, blood pressure was recorded at pre-induction, immediately after induction, 5 minutes after administration of caudal block and thereafter every 10 minutes till the completion of surgery. Postoperative heart rate, blood pressure, pain score was assessed periodically till 24th hour.Results: The duration of analgesia was more in group II (7.30±1.78 hour) in comparison to group I (3.93±0.83 hour). The fall in mean arterial pressure and heart rate were not significant in group II as compared to group I.Conclusions: Addition of low dose morphine to ropivacaine resulted in prolonging the duration of analgesia by almost double the duration as compared to ropivacaine alone.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prior administration of butorphanol, lidocaine and normal saline in minimizing Propofol injection pain. Methods: The study comprised of 99 patients divided into three groups of 33 each, in the department operation rooms of Anaesthesiology/Surgery, State Referral Hospital of Zoram Medical College, Falkawn, Mizoram during the period of March 2017 to April 2019. Ninety nine patients of ASA grade I and II, aged between 18 and 60 years of both sexes scheduled to undergo major elective surgery under general anaesthesia were included. Results: Pain on intravenous injection of propofol was experienced by 9 (27.27%) patients from butorphanol group as compared to 18 (54.55%) and 22 (66.67%) patients in the lidocaine and placebo groups respectively. Data analysis showed a chi-square test value of 15.3 and p-value 0f <0.05. Conclusion: The present study shows that prior administration of butorphenol significantly reduced pain on intravenous injection of propofol whereas lidocaine pretreatment too reduces propofol injection pain as compared to a placebo, but failed to show statistically significant results.